The present invention provides a two-dimensional angle adjusting device, which comprises a pitch angle adjusting mechanism, an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and a base, wherein the pitch angle adjusting mechanism comprises a pitch plate arranged on the base and a pitch driving assembly capable of driving the pitch plate to rotate around a horizontal axis; The azimuth angle adjusting mechanism comprises an azimuth plate arranged on the pitching plate and an azimuth driving component capable of driving the azimuth plate to rotate around a vertical axis relative to the pitching plate; The invention also provides an angle-adjustable optical instrument which comprises the adjusting device. According to the utility model, the adjustment of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the optical experiment equipment in the testing process can be met through the adjusting device; and the optical experiment equipment is compact in integral structure, simple to assemble, strong in bearing capacity and high in resolution ratio.